Hybrid HMSIW Cavities Antenna With a Half-Pentagon Ring Slot for Bandwidth Enhancement

Hybrid HMSIW Cavities Antenna With a Half-Pentagon Ring Slot for Bandwidth Enhancement

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A substrate-integrated waveguide (SIW) antenna sequal eclipse 5 battery is an implementation of a waveguide antenna in a microstrip antenna.The microstrip antenna, as a low-profile antenna, suffers from narrow impedance bandwidth.This paper proposes a novel bandwidth enhancement method for solving a narrow impedance bandwidth.Bandwidth enhancement was achieved by using quad-resonant frequencies.The quad-resonant frequencies are resulted from the hybrid half-mode substrate-integrated waveguide (HMSIW) cavities between the inner and outer cavities.

The inner HMSIW cavity has a half-pentagon ring slot that disturbs the TE $_{mathrm {101-inner}}$ , TE $_{mathrm {102-inner}}$ , TE $_{mathrm {202-inner}}$ , and TE $_{mathrm {103-inner}}$ modes, whereas the outer HMSIW cavity consists of two outer quarter-mode substrate-integrated waveguide (QMSIW) cavities.The outer HMSIW cavity generated the TE $_{mathrm {102-outer}}$ and TE $_{mathrm {202-outer}}$ modes.The hybrid cavities were fed simultaneously using a port with a quarter-wavelength feed transmission line.The hybrid HMSIW cavities generated resonant frequencies that were close to each other.Additionally, this method was applied to the X-band frequency with a low-profile substrate.

The simulated impedance bandwidth and peak realized gain underwater treasures sunken medallion was 33.86% ( $8.98-12.64$ GHz) and 7.97 dBi, while the measured impedance bandwidth and peak gain were 31.

83% (9.14 – 12.6 GHz) and 7.62 dBi, respectively.Strong agreement was observed between the measurement and simulation results.